Hrvatska Radiotelevizija
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''Hrvatska radiotelevizija'' (abbr. HRT), or Croatian Radiotelevision, is
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
's
public broadcasting Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
company. It operates several radio and television channels, over a domestic transmitter network as well as satellite. HRT is divided into three joint companies –
Croatian Radio Croatian Radio ( hr, Hrvatski radio) is the official broadcasting service of Croatia. Founded on May 15, 1926 as ''Zagreb Radio'', it's the first radio station in all of Southeast Europe. Part of Croatian Radiotelevision, it operates three nation ...
(),
Croatian Television ''Hrvatska radiotelevizija'' (abbr. HRT), or Croatian Radiotelevision, is Croatia's public broadcasting company. It operates several radio and television channels, over a domestic transmitter network as well as satellite. HRT is divided into thr ...
() and Music Production (), which includes three orchestras (Symphony, Jazz and Tamburitza) and a choir. The founder of HRT is the Republic of Croatia which exercises its founder's rights through the
Croatian Government The Government of Croatia ( hr, Vlada Hrvatske), formally the Government of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Vlada Republike Hrvatske), commonly abbreviated to Croatian Government ( hr, hrvatska Vlada), is the main executive branch of government ...
. Croatian Radio (then Radio Zagreb) was founded on 15 May 1926. This date is considered the date on which HRT was founded. Television Zagreb (today Croatian Television) began broadcasting on 7 September 1956. By the law enacted by the
Croatian Parliament The Croatian Parliament ( hr, Hrvatski sabor) or the Sabor is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Croatia. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, the Sabor represents the people and is vested with legislative power. The Sab ...
on 29 June 1990, Radio Television Zagreb was renamed to Croatian Radiotelevision. HRT operates as a provider of public broadcasting services, and Croatia provides independent funding in accordance with the Croatian Broadcasting Company Law and the State Aid Rules for Public Broadcasting Services. In carrying out its activities, HRT is independent of any political influence and commercial interest. On 25 May 2012, HRT's archive of the television and radio program and its collection of musical production were given the status of Croatian cultural heritage.


History

Croatian Radiotelevision is the direct successor of Radio Station Zagreb () that started broadcasting on 15 May 1926, the first radio station to broadcast in the Balkans. The station was initially a private company, before Radio Zagreb was nationalized on 1 May 1940. During the
Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia ( sh, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; german: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; it, Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It was established in p ...
, the station was known as ''Hrvatski krugoval''. After
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, it began to operate as a state-owned radio station. At the end of the first year of operation, Radio Zagreb company had a little over four thousand subscribers. On the 30th anniversary of the establishment of Zagreb Radio Station, on 15 May 1956, the first television programme was broadcast from the
transmitter In electronics and telecommunications, a radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna (radio), antenna. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which i ...
built at Sljeme. Television Zagreb's first live broadcast aired on 7 September 1956. For the next two years this was the only television broadcasting service in the southeast European area. This was the first TV station in Yugoslavia and would later become a color station in 1972. In May 1990, following Franjo Tuđman's election victory, he and his ruling Croatian Democratic Union party began a takeover of radio and television stations. In June 1990, the
Croatian Parliament The Croatian Parliament ( hr, Hrvatski sabor) or the Sabor is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Croatia. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, the Sabor represents the people and is vested with legislative power. The Sab ...
renamed the company from Radio Television Zagreb ( hr, Radiotelevizija Zagreb) to Croatian Radiotelevision ( hr, Hrvatska radiotelevizija). The HDZ-majority Croatian Parliament soon appointed party loyalists to top managerial and editorial positions on the broadcaster. The film director
Antun Vrdoljak Antun Vrdoljak (; born 5 June 1931) is a Croatian film actor and director, sports official, and head of Croatian Radiotelevision during the Yugoslav Wars. Between the 1960s and early 1990s he was mainly a film artist. In the early 1990s he becam ...
, a Tuđman appointee who was tasked with overseeing the changes, pledged to make HRT into the "cathedral of the Croatian spirit". On 16 September 1991, 300 employees at HRT were fired for "security reasons". According to
Miljenko Jergović Miljenko Jergović (born 28 May 1966) is a prominent Bosnian writer. Biography Born in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia to Croatian parents, Jergović received his M.A. in literature from the Sarajevo University. While at high ...
, formerly of the Croatian independent ''
Feral Tribune ''Feral Tribune'' was a Croatian political weekly magazine. Based in Split, it first started as a political satire supplement in '' Nedjeljna Dalmacija'' (the Sunday edition of the ''Slobodna Dalmacija'' daily newspaper) before evolving into an in ...
'', there were three waves of purges at HRT at this time: removal of Serb journalists; removal of "independent-minded, respected and thus dangerous" journalists; and slowly, the removal of those who did not support ultranationalism any longer. On 1 January 1993, HRT was admitted as a full active member of the
European Broadcasting Union The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; french: Union européenne de radio-télévision, links=no, UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who ar ...
(EBU). The television channels were aired under the name Croatian Television ( hr, Hrvatska televizija) between 1990 and 1993. Since then, the current name has been used. The radio broadcast unit is referred to as Croatian Radio ( hr, Hrvatski radio). Following Tuđman's death and the 2000 election in Croatia which brought
Stjepan Mesić Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (; born 24 December 1934) is a Croatian lawyer and politician who served as President of Croatia from 2000 to 2010. Before serving two five-year terms as president, he was prime minister of SR Croatia (1990) after the fir ...
to power, attempts at reforming HRT into a more open media were made.


Funding

In 2014, more than 85% of HRT's revenue came from broadcast user fees with each household in Croatia required to pay 79 HRK (~€10) per month for a single television set, with the remainder being made up from limited advertising.


Television


Channels

*
HRT 1 HRT 1 (HTV 1, ''"Prvi program"'') is the first Croatian television channel, operated by Hrvatska Radiotelevizija. It is a generalist channel, whose diverse programming lineup includes documentaries, history, school, mosaics, news, sitcoms, movies ...
(or ''Prvi program''): HRT's first TV channel, previously known as TVZ 1. This is a general channel with daily news around the world, documentaries, religious programmes, series and movies. *
HRT 2 HRT 2 (HTV 2, ''"Drugi program"'') is a Croatian free-to-air television channel, operated by Hrvatska Radiotelevizija (HRT). Its line-up focuses mainly on entertainment, although it also broadcasts news and documentaries. A new broadcast of HRT2, ...
(or ''Drugi program''): HRT's second channel, previously known as TVZ 2. It is primarily used for sports broadcasts and entertainment programmes. The channel is known for its extensive footage of vintage films. It also broadcasts educational programmes. *
HRT 3 HRT 3 (HTV 3, ''"Treći program"'') is a Croatian free-to-air television channel from Hrvatska Radiotelevizija, that was launched on 13 September 2012. History HRT 3's original history began in 1989, when this channel was originally known as Z3 a ...
(or ''Treći program''): HRT's third channel, primarily used for culture, films and documentaries. It launched in September 2012. *
HRT 4 HRT 4 (HTV 4, ''"Četvrti program"'') is a Croatian free-to-air television channel from Hrvatska Radiotelevizija, which was launched on 24 December 2012. Its programming is centred towards newscasts. Programming * Dnevnik HRT * Regionalni dnevnik ...
(or ''Četvrti program''): HRT's fourth channel, broadcasting news programmes, started airing in December 2012. * , formerly HRT 5 (or ''Peti program''): HRT's fifth and international channel, broadcasting a wide range of programmes from its domestic channels for the Croatian diasporas in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. In the 1980s, there was a third channel called Z3 and later HTV Z3. It was taken off-air on 16 September 1991 when its main transmitter, the Sljeme TV tower, was damaged in an air raid. On 7 November 1994, the channel came back on the air, this time called HRT 3. The channel was later shut down with its frequency de-nationalized and put up for lease in a public tender in 2004 and it has been used by
RTL Televizija RTL (previously known as RTL Televizija) is a Croatian free-to-air television network founded on 30 April 2004. It was owned by the RTL Group from 2004 to 2022. Since 1 June 2022, it is owned by the CME Group. The logo consisted of three prima ...
ever since.


Regional TV channels

* HRT Čakovec-Varaždin ''(HRT regionalni centar Čakovec-Varaždin)'' * HRT Osijek ''(HRT regionalni centar Osijek)'' * HRT Rijeka-Pula ''(HRT regionalni centar Rijeka-Pula)'' * HRT Split-Dubrovnik ''(HRT regionalni centar Split-Dubrovnik)'' * HRT Zadar-Šibenik-Knin ''(HRT regionalni centar Zadar-Šibenik-Knin)''


Programming

* ''
Dnevnik HRT Dnevnik HRT is the main news program of the Croatian public broadcasting company Hrvatska radiotelevizija ''Hrvatska radiotelevizija'' (abbr. HRT), or Croatian Radiotelevision, is Croatia's public broadcasting company. It operates several radio ...
'' ("Daily News"), popular midday, evening and midnight
news program News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either video production, produced local programming, ...
* ''Dobro jutro, Hrvatska'' ("Good Morning, Croatia"), mosaic morning show from 7:00 to 9:00 am * ''Dobar dan, Hrvatska'' ("Good Afternoon, Croatia"), mosaic afternoon show * ''
Nedjeljom u dva ''Nedjeljom u dva'' ( en, Sunday at Two) is a Croatian television talk show aired every Sunday afternoon at 14:00 CET on HRT 1 and hosted by Aleksandar Stanković. The hour-long show usually features a single guest related to an important polit ...
'' ("Sundays at Two O'Clock"), weekly talk show * ''Transfer'' ("Transfer"), show about the alternative culture and arts (visual arts, music and web culture) * '' TV kalendar'' ("TV Calendar"), long-running daily historical documentary television series, narrating about historical events, birth/death of people or their discoveries on the same date * '' Tko želi biti milijunaš?'' ("
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?'' (often informally called ''Millionaire'') is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and ...
"), quiz show * ''Zvijezde pjevaju'' ("Just the Two of Us"), big Saturday singing show * ''Lijepom Našom'' ("Our Beautiful"), a show focused on Croatian cultural heritage * ''Otvoreno'' ("Openly"), daily political talk-show


Former shows

* ''Dan za danom'' ("Day After Day"), mosaic afternoon show * ''Kviskoteka'' (quiz show), hosted by
Oliver Mlakar Oliver Mlakar (born 1 July 1935) is a Croatian television presenter. Best known for hosting game shows, he was one of the most popular television personalities in SFR Yugoslavia and later Croatia. Biography Mlakar was born in Ptuj and lived in O ...
, aired in the 1980s and 1990s, later briefly aired on Nova TV * ''Male tajne velikih majstora kuhinje'' ("Small Secrets of Big Chefs") (cooking show), aired in the 1980s * ''Motrišta'' ("Points of View") (political informative magazine), aired in the 1990s * ''
The Pyramid A pyramid is a structure with triangular lateral surfaces converging to an apex. Pyramid may also refer to: Anatomy and medicine * Petrous part of the temporal bone, the pyramid * Pyramid (brainstem), the anterior part of medulla oblongata Ga ...
'', weekly show hosted by Željka Ogresta, winner of
Rose d'Or The Rose d'Or ('Golden Rose') is an international awards festival in entertainment broadcasting and programming. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) first acquired the Rose d’Or in 1961, when it was created by Swiss Television in the lakes ...
, aired 2004–2008; 2014 * ''Slika na sliku'' ("Frame On Frame") (political magazine), aired in the 1990s * ''Upitnik'' ("Question Mark") (quiz show), hosted by Joško Lokas, aired in the 2000s, later briefly aired on Nova TV, taken off-air in 2004 * ''Turbo Limač Show'' (kids' Saturday show), hosted by Siniša Cmrk * ''Željka Ogresta i gosti'' ("Željka Ogresta and Guests") (talk show), aired in the start of the 1990s and in the start of the 2000s * ''
Ples sa zvijezdama ''Ples sa zvijezdama'' is the Croatian version of '' Dancing with the Stars'' and translates precisely such. Nine seasons have aired on HRT1 from 2006 to 2013 with a ninth season airing on Nova TV in 2019. The eleventh season is currently bein ...
'' ("
Dancing with the Stars ''Dancing with the Stars'' is the name of various international television series based on the format of the British TV series '' Strictly Come Dancing'', which is distributed by BBC Studios, the commercial arm of the BBC. Currently the forma ...
"), Saturday dancing show


Upcoming shows

* ''Big Saturday Live'', Saturday night show * ''Dancing on Ice'' * ''Friends'', children's Sunday program * ''School work'', educational school morning magazine * ''Sunday Afternoon'' * ''Talks with Coffee'', talk show * ''
Pinkalicious & Peterrific ''Pinkalicious & Peterrific'' is an educational animated children's television series on PBS Kids, based upon the ''Pinkalicious'' book series by Victoria and Elizabeth Kann. The series is produced by Sixteen South in association with WGBH Kids ...
'', children’s Monday-Thursday program * ''
Clifford the Big Red Dog ''Clifford the Big Red Dog'' is an American children's book series about the adventures of a precocious girl named Emily Elizabeth and her titular pet: a giant, red-furred dog named Clifford. It was first published in 1963 and was written by No ...
'', children Sunday program


Radio

The
Croatian Radio Croatian Radio ( hr, Hrvatski radio) is the official broadcasting service of Croatia. Founded on May 15, 1926 as ''Zagreb Radio'', it's the first radio station in all of Southeast Europe. Part of Croatian Radiotelevision, it operates three nation ...
(''Hrvatski radio'') runs three national and eight local (county-level) stations.


National stations

The three national stations are available on FM,
DAB+ DAB, dab, dabs, or dabbing may refer to: Dictionaries * ''Dictionary of American Biography'', published under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies * ''Dictionary of Australian Biography'', published since 1949 Places * Dąb, ...
, throughout the country and are streamed live via the Internet. * HR 1 – The primary national-level station, mainly serious programming. News every full hour with oldies and local pop music. * HR 2 – Entertainment programming including
popular music Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training.Popular Music. (2015). ''Fun ...
, with news followed by
traffic report Traffic reporting is the near real-time distribution of information about road conditions such as traffic congestion, detours, and traffic collisions. The reports help drivers anticipate and avoid traffic problems. Traffic reports, especially in ...
s at the half-hour mark * HR 3
Classical music Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions. It is sometimes distinguished as Western classical music, as the term "classical music" also ...
and radio drama


Regional stations

* HR Dubrovnik – based in
Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
, covers the
Dubrovnik-Neretva County The Dubrovnik-Neretva County (; hr, Dubrovačko-neretvanska županija, ) is the southernmost county of Croatia, located in south Dalmatia. The county seat is Dubrovnik and other large towns are Korčula, Metković, Opuzen and Ploče. The Munici ...
*HR Knin – based in
Knin Knin (, sr, link=no, Книн, it, link=no, Tenin) is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagr ...
, covers the
Šibenik-Knin County Šibenik-Knin County (; hr, Šibensko-kninska županija ) is a county in southern Croatia, located in the north-central part of Dalmatia. The biggest city in the county is Šibenik, which also serves as county seat. Other notable towns in the co ...
*HR Osijek – based in
Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...
, covers the
Osijek-Baranja County Osijek-Baranja County (, hr, Osječko-baranjska županija, hu, Eszék-Baranya megye) is a county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranja. Its center is Osijek. Other towns include Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Belišće, and B ...
*HR Pula – based in
Pula Pula (; also known as Pola, it, Pola , hu, Pòla, Venetian language, Venetian; ''Pola''; Istriot language, Istriot: ''Puola'', Slovene language, Slovene: ''Pulj'') is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the List of cities and town ...
, covers the
Istria County Istria County (; hr, Istarska županija; it, Regione istriana, "Istrian Region") is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula ( out of , or 89%). Administrative centers in the county are Pazi ...
*HR Rijeka – based in
Rijeka Rijeka ( , , ; also known as Fiume hu, Fiume, it, Fiume ; local Chakavian: ''Reka''; german: Sankt Veit am Flaum; sl, Reka) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primor ...
, covers the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County *HR Sljeme – based in
Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...
, covers the city and the counties of the
Northern Croatia Northern Croatia or North Croatia ( hr, Sjeverna Hrvatska, ) refers to the northern parts of Croatia, encompassing Zagreb, Varaždin, Međimurje, Zagorje and Koprivnica-Križevci counties, including the cities of Zagreb, Varaždin, Čakovec, ...
*HR Split – based in
Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, enterta ...
, covers the
Split-Dalmatia County Split-Dalmatia County ( hr, Splitsko-dalmatinska županija ) is a central-southern Dalmatian county in Croatia. The administrative center is Split. The population of the county is 455,242 (2011). The land area is 14.106,40 km2. Split-Dalmat ...
*HR Zadar – based in
Zadar Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serv ...
, covers the
Zadar County Zadar County ( hr, Zadarska županija ) is a county in Croatia, it encompasses northern Dalmatia and southeastern Lika. Its seat is the city of Zadar. Geography Among the largest towns in the county of Zadar are: Zadar, Benkovac, Bibinje, Bi ...
The
mediumwave Medium wave (MW) is the part of the medium frequency (MF) radio band used mainly for AM radio broadcasting. The spectrum provides about 120 channels with more limited sound quality than FM stations on the FM broadcast band. During the dayti ...
transmitter at
Zadar Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serv ...
was at one time one of the most powerful in Europe and at nighttime could be heard throughout most of the continent with JRT (Yugoslav) and later HR (Croatian) programming from Zagreb and Pula. However it was badly damaged during the Serbian shelling of the city in the early 1990s, and has operated on somewhat reduced power since on 1134 kHz. Transmitter was rebuilt in 2004. It consists of 4 masts, every is 132 meters high. It was taken off the air on 1 January 2014.


International service

*
Voice of Croatia The International programme of Croatian Radio "Voice of Croatia" ( hr, Međunarodni program Hrvatskoga radija "Glas Hrvatske") is the international service of Croatian state radio via satellite and Internet. The programme is for Croatians living ...
(''Glas Hrvatske''): Airs programming for Croatians living abroad, Croatia's minority groups and the international community. While mostly in Croatian, the station also features short news and segments in English, German, Italian, Hungarian, and Spanish at different times of the day. The Voice of Croatia broadcasts 24 hours a day via the following satellites; in
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
,
North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
, the
Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...
on the Eutelsat 13C at 13°E and
Eutelsat 16A Eutelsat S.A. is a French satellite operator. Providing coverage over the entire European continent, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the Americas, it is the world's third-largest satellite operator in terms of revenues. Eutelsat's satellite ...
at 16 degrees east for Central and East Europe.


Logos

File:HRT logo 1990.png, 1990 File:HRT logo 1990-1999.png, 1990–1999 File:Hrvatska Radiotelevizija logo.svg, 2000–present (blue strips) File:Logo of the HRT.svg, 2000–present (white strips)


See also

* Radio in Croatia *
Television in Croatia Television in Croatia was first introduced in 1956. As of 2012, there are 10 nationwide and 21 regional DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial) television channels, and there are more than 30 other channels either produced in the Re ...


References


Books

*


External links

*
Zakon o Hrvatskoj radioteleviziji
(Croatian Radiotelevision Act) {{authority control 1926 establishments in Croatia Publicly funded broadcasters Radio stations in Croatia Television networks in Croatia European Broadcasting Union members Multilingual broadcasters Radio stations established in 1926 Television channels and stations established in 1956 State media Government-owned companies of Croatia Companies based in Zagreb Modern history of Croatia